# Battery Pack Series Parallel Configuration Calculator

> Source: https://netray.co/tools/battery-pack-series-parallel-configuration-calculator
> Publisher: Netray (netray.co), AI and integration engineering for ERP and manufacturing systems.
> Section: Free Tools

## Short answer

Enter series and parallel counts and cell data to get pack voltage, Ah, kWh, cell count, cell mass and power at a chosen C rate.

## Category

engineering-plm

## Industry

Automotive

## Audience

- Battery engineer
- EV supplier
- Product engineer

## Tool

**Kind:** calculator

**Inputs:**

#### Cells in series

**Key:** ns

**Type:** number

**Default:** 96

**Min:** 1

**Step:** 1

**Unit:** S

#### Cells in parallel

**Key:** np

**Type:** slider

**Default:** 3

**Min:** 1

**Max:** 12

**Step:** 1

**Unit:** P

#### Cell capacity

**Key:** ah

**Type:** number

**Default:** 5

**Min:** 0.1

**Step:** 0.1

**Unit:** Ah

#### Cell nominal voltage

**Key:** vn

**Type:** number

**Default:** 3.65

**Min:** 2

**Step:** 0.05

**Unit:** V

**Help:** About 3.6 to 3.7 V for NMC, 3.2 V for LFP.

#### Cell maximum voltage

**Key:** vmax

**Type:** number

**Default:** 4.2

**Min:** 2

**Step:** 0.05

**Unit:** V

#### Cell minimum voltage

**Key:** vmin

**Type:** number

**Default:** 3

**Min:** 2

**Step:** 0.05

**Unit:** V

#### Cell mass

**Key:** mass

**Type:** number

**Default:** 70

**Min:** 1

**Step:** 1

**Unit:** g

#### Continuous C rate

**Key:** crate

**Type:** number

**Default:** 1.5

**Min:** 0

**Step:** 0.1

**Unit:** C

**Outputs:**

#### Total cells

**Key:** cells

**Expr:** ns * np

**Format:** integer

#### Pack nominal voltage

**Key:** vnom

**Expr:** ns * vn

**Format:** decimal

**Primary:** true

**Description:** Volts.

#### Pack maximum voltage

**Key:** vhi

**Expr:** ns * vmax

**Format:** decimal

#### Pack minimum voltage

**Key:** vlo

**Expr:** ns * vmin

**Format:** decimal

#### Pack capacity

**Key:** cap

**Expr:** np * ah

**Format:** decimal

**Description:** Amp hours.

#### Pack energy

**Key:** kwh

**Expr:** vnom * cap / 1000

**Format:** decimal

**Primary:** true

**Description:** Nominal kilowatt hours.

#### Cell mass total

**Key:** kg

**Expr:** cells * mass / 1000

**Format:** decimal

**Description:** Kilograms, cells only.

#### Continuous power

**Key:** kw

**Expr:** vnom * cap * crate / 1000

**Format:** decimal

**Description:** Kilowatts at the chosen C rate.

**Chart:**

#### Pack energy (kWh) vs cells in parallel

**Type:** line

**X:** np

**From:** 1

**To:** 12

**Steps:** 12

**Series:**

- kwh

**Disclaimer:** Cell level math only. Pack mass, thermal limits, balancing, usable window and aging are not included.

## Content

**Intro:** The basic arithmetic of a battery pack drives nearly every early EV supplier conversation: how many cells, what voltage, how many kilowatt hours. This calculator handles the series and parallel math in one place and adds mass and power so you can check a layout quickly.

**Sections:**

#### How to use it

**Body:** Set the number of cells in series (S) and in parallel (P), then enter the cell's capacity, voltages and mass from its datasheet. The outputs give pack voltage window, capacity, nominal energy and cell mass. Use the C rate input for a quick continuous power check, taken from the cell's rated continuous discharge.

**Bullets:**

- Series adds voltage, parallel adds capacity
- Use the cell datasheet nominal, not an average of max and min
- Check the inverter's voltage window against pack min and max

#### Formulas

**Body:** Pack nominal voltage equals series count times cell nominal voltage. Pack capacity equals parallel count times cell Ah. Energy in kWh equals nominal voltage times Ah divided by 1000. Continuous power equals nominal voltage times capacity times C rate over 1000. Cell count is simply S times P, and cell mass is the count times cell mass.

#### Reading the result

**Body:** A 96S3P layout of 5 Ah cells gives roughly 350 volts nominal and about 5.3 kWh, which fits a small hybrid or a module in a larger pack. Compare pack minimum and maximum voltage with the power electronics window. If the window does not fit, change the series count rather than the parallel count.

#### Common mistakes

**Body:** Do not quote pack energy without stating nominal or usable. Usable energy depends on the state of charge window and aging margin. Remember that busbars, cooling plates, housing and the battery management system add substantial mass beyond the cells, so cell level energy density is always higher than pack level density.

**Cta:** If you build packs or modules, Netray can help connect bills of materials, cell lot traceability and test records in your ERP so every pack configuration is tied to its parts.

**Faq:**

#### What does 96S3P mean?

**Answer:** It means 96 cells in series, with 3 cells in parallel at each series position. Total cells are 96 times 3, which is 288. Voltage scales with the 96, capacity with the 3.

#### Is nominal voltage the same for every chemistry?

**Answer:** No. Typical nominal values are about 3.6 to 3.7 V for NMC and NCA and about 3.2 V for LFP. Always use the datasheet value for the exact cell.

#### How do I get usable energy?

**Answer:** Multiply nominal energy by the usable state of charge window. Many programs reserve some capacity at the top and bottom, and further margin for aging. Confirm with your battery management specification.

#### Does this check cell balancing?

**Answer:** No. Balancing, thermal behavior and safety design require separate analysis and testing. Treat this as sizing arithmetic only.

## Search terms

battery pack series parallel calculator, lithium ion pack configuration, ev battery pack kwh calculator, nominal voltage of pack calculator, cell count for battery pack, battery pack energy density, xS yP battery calculator

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