# Incoterms 2020 Reference Table: All 11 Rules Compared > Source: https://netray.co/tools/incoterms-2020-reference-table > Publisher: Netray (netray.co), AI and integration engineering for ERP and manufacturing systems. > Section: Free Tools ## Short answer Searchable comparison of the 11 Incoterms 2020 rules: where risk passes, who pays carriage, who clears export and import. ## Category supply-chain ## Audience - Logistics coordinator - Buyer - Export sales - Customs broker ## Tool **Kind:** worksheet **Mode:** reference **Columns:** #### Rule **Key:** rule **Type:** text #### Full name **Key:** name **Type:** text #### Transport mode **Key:** mode **Type:** text #### Risk passes to buyer **Key:** risk **Type:** text #### Main carriage paid by **Key:** carriage **Type:** text #### Export clearance **Key:** export **Type:** text #### Import clearance and duty **Key:** import **Type:** text #### Insurance duty **Key:** insurance **Type:** text **Rows:** #### Ex Works **Rule:** EXW **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** When goods are placed at buyer's disposal at seller's premises, not loaded **Carriage:** Buyer **Export:** Buyer **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Free Carrier **Rule:** FCA **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** When goods are handed to the buyer's carrier at the named place **Carriage:** Buyer **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Carriage Paid To **Rule:** CPT **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** When goods are handed to the first carrier **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Carriage and Insurance Paid To **Rule:** CIP **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** When goods are handed to the first carrier **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** Seller, Institute Cargo Clauses (A) minimum #### Delivered at Place **Rule:** DAP **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** At the named destination, ready for unloading **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Delivered at Place Unloaded **Rule:** DPU **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** At the named destination, after seller unloads **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Delivered Duty Paid **Rule:** DDP **Mode:** Any mode **Risk:** At the named destination, ready for unloading **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Seller **Insurance:** None required #### Free Alongside Ship **Rule:** FAS **Mode:** Sea and inland waterway **Risk:** When goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port **Carriage:** Buyer **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Free On Board **Rule:** FOB **Mode:** Sea and inland waterway **Risk:** When goods are on board the vessel at the named port **Carriage:** Buyer **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Cost and Freight **Rule:** CFR **Mode:** Sea and inland waterway **Risk:** When goods are on board the vessel at the port of shipment **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** None required #### Cost, Insurance and Freight **Rule:** CIF **Mode:** Sea and inland waterway **Risk:** When goods are on board the vessel at the port of shipment **Carriage:** Seller **Export:** Seller **Import:** Buyer **Insurance:** Seller, Institute Cargo Clauses (C) minimum **Notes:** General guidance for orientation, not legal advice. Always name the place or port after the rule (for example FCA Chicago, Incoterms 2020) and check the ICC publication for full obligations. Incoterms do not govern title transfer, payment terms or governing law. ## Content **Intro:** Incoterms 2020 are the eleven ICC trade terms that say who arranges transport, who bears risk, and who clears customs on each side of a sale. This table puts the answers side by side so a logistics coordinator can check a quote or purchase order in seconds. **Sections:** #### How to use the table **Body:** Type a rule such as FOB or a phrase such as 'unloaded' into the search box to filter the rows. Compare the risk column first, because that is where most disputes start. Then read across to see who pays main carriage and who handles export and import clearance. Use the export buttons to put the table in a quote pack or a supplier onboarding document. **Bullets:** - Always write the named place after the rule - Check the risk column before the price column - Confirm who owns import clearance at destination #### Two groups: any mode and sea only **Body:** Seven rules work for any mode of transport, including containers, air and road: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU and DDP. Four are for sea and inland waterway only: FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF. A frequent mistake is using FOB or CIF for containerised cargo that is handed to a terminal before loading. In that case FCA or CPT and CIP describe the real hand-over point and put risk where the parties intend it. #### Risk transfer is not cost transfer **Body:** In the C rules (CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF) the seller pays for main carriage, but risk passes to the buyer much earlier, at the first carrier or on board the vessel. That split surprises buyers when goods are damaged at sea and they hold the claim. CIP and CIF also oblige the seller to buy insurance, at a minimum level that buyers often want to raise. DAP, DPU and DDP put risk on the seller until the named destination. #### Common mistakes and ERP notes **Body:** Vague terms such as 'FOB China' without a named port leave the hand-over point open. Choosing DDP without a local tax registration at destination can leave the seller unable to clear goods. In SAP the Incoterm is held on the sales order and purchase order header with a location field, in Infor, Epicor and NetSuite it appears as a shipping or freight term. Store the place, not just the code, so freight accruals and landed cost postings can use it. **Cta:** If Incoterms and freight terms live in free-text fields in your ERP, Netray can help structure them so freight accruals and landed cost postings follow the contract term automatically. **Faq:** #### What changed between Incoterms 2010 and 2020? **Answer:** DAT was renamed DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) so the delivery place can be any location, not only a terminal. CIP now requires the higher Institute Cargo Clauses (A) insurance level, while CIF stays at clause (C). FCA also gained an option for an on-board bill of lading when the buyer instructs its carrier. #### Which Incoterm is best for a seller? **Answer:** There is no single best term. EXW and FCA minimise seller responsibility, while DAP and DDP maximise it. The right choice depends on who has better freight rates, who can clear customs locally and who can manage claims. Many exporters default to FCA or CPT for containers because the hand-over point is realistic. #### Is DDP the same as DAP? **Answer:** No. Under DAP the buyer clears the goods through import customs and pays duty and import taxes. Under DDP the seller does this and carries the cost and risk of import clearance. DDP therefore needs the seller to have local registration or a capable broker at the destination. #### Do Incoterms say when ownership transfers? **Answer:** No. Incoterms deal with delivery, risk, costs and basic documents. Transfer of title, payment terms, remedies and governing law belong in the sales contract. Always state the version, for example 'FCA Chicago, Incoterms 2020', so both sides read the same rules. ## Search terms incoterms 2020 table, incoterms 2020 chart, incoterms 2020 pdf, incoterms 2020 list, difference between FOB and CIF, DAP vs DDP, incoterms who pays what, incoterms 2020 excel --- Talk to an engineer: https://netray.co/contact?intent=erp_ai | Machine catalog: https://netray.co/agent/catalog.json